(Francis) Frank Loughman (1892 – 13 May 1972) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician and pharmaceutical chemist who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) and Senator from the 1930s to the 1960s.
Loughman was first elected to Dáil Éireann for the Tipperary constituency at the 1938 general election but lost his seat at the subsequent 1943 general election. He was re-elected at the 1944 general election and again lost his seat at the 1948 general election. He was again elected at the 1957 general election and again lost his seat at the 1961 general election.
In the period between the 1948 and 1954 general elections, Loughman served as a member of 6th Seanad and 7th Seanad on the Cultural and Educational Panel.
Prelude to the Easter Rising of 1916
The Signatories of the Proclamation
Saturday, April 28, 2012
Members of the Tenth Dáil - Martin Brennan
Martin Brennan (1 March 1903 – 21 June 1956) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician, who was elected three times to Dáil Éireann.
A medical doctor, Brennan was first elected at the 1938 general election to the 10th Dáil for the Sligo constituency. He was returned to the 11th Dáil 1943 general election, and the following year he was re-elected in the 1944 election to the 12th Dáil. He did not contest the 1948 general election.
A medical doctor, Brennan was first elected at the 1938 general election to the 10th Dáil for the Sligo constituency. He was returned to the 11th Dáil 1943 general election, and the following year he was re-elected in the 1944 election to the 12th Dáil. He did not contest the 1948 general election.
Members of the Tenth Dáil - Bridget Mary Rice
Bridget Mary Rice
Members of the Tenth Dáil - Micheál Ó Móráin
Micheál Ó Móráin (25 December 1912 – 6 May 1983) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician, who served in a wide number of Cabinet minister from 1957 until 1970, most notably as Minister for Justice and Minister for the Gaeltacht.
Ó Móráin was born in County Mayo, hailing from a strong Republican family and family members had fought in the Irish War of Independence and in the Irish Civil War on the pro-Treaty side. A solicitor by profession, Ó Móráin was first elected to Dáil Éireann for the Mayo South constituency on his second attempt at the 1938 general election. He remained on the backbenches for a number of years until he was appointed to the cabinet by Éamon de Valera in 1957 as Minister for the Gaeltacht. He was a native Irish speaker. He was appointed Minister for Lands by Taoiseach Seán Lemass, in 1959 and was re-appointed to the Gaeltacht portfolio in 1961. He remained in these two Departments until 1968.
Ó Móráin was a very outspoken deputy. He habitually referred to a constituency opponent in the Dáil chamber as "The Maggot Durkan". He also branded the then Labour Party as "left wing queers from Trinity College and Teilifís Éireann". On at least one occasion he appeared at a State function, visibly worse from drink, and proceeded to harangue the various dignitaries, in particular the British Ambassador.
Ó Móráin was appointed Minister for Justice by Taoiseach Jack Lynch in 1968. It is in this role that he is most remembered. Ó Móráin continually suffered from ill health, which was accentuated by his alcoholism. In 1970, while in hospital, Lynch came to see him and asked for his resignation as a result of the outbreak of the Arms Crisis. Lynch had received information that a number of Ministers were allegedly complicit in the importation of arms for use in Northern Ireland. Some hours later the other Ministers in question, Neil Blaney and Charles Haughey were asked to resign but refused to do so and were thus sacked. Recent evidence, from papers released under the thirty year rule, suggest that the Minister for Defence Jim Gibbons, was also named on the documentation given to Lynch, but his resignation was not asked for.
Ó Móráin later spoke of his experiences at this time. He claimed that the whole business of the Arms Trial was badly handled. He claimed that it was he who had unearthed the whole business of the arms, through undercover Garda Síochána who were working for him in Northern Ireland and that he told Lynch the identity of the person involved. He also claimed that Blaney and Haughey were not implicated with the arms in question and that the wrong people had been sacked. Ó Móráin lost his Dáil seat at the 1973 general election and retired from politics.
Ó Móráin died in Castlebar, County Mayo, on 6 May 1983.
Ó Móráin was born in County Mayo, hailing from a strong Republican family and family members had fought in the Irish War of Independence and in the Irish Civil War on the pro-Treaty side. A solicitor by profession, Ó Móráin was first elected to Dáil Éireann for the Mayo South constituency on his second attempt at the 1938 general election. He remained on the backbenches for a number of years until he was appointed to the cabinet by Éamon de Valera in 1957 as Minister for the Gaeltacht. He was a native Irish speaker. He was appointed Minister for Lands by Taoiseach Seán Lemass, in 1959 and was re-appointed to the Gaeltacht portfolio in 1961. He remained in these two Departments until 1968.
Ó Móráin was a very outspoken deputy. He habitually referred to a constituency opponent in the Dáil chamber as "The Maggot Durkan". He also branded the then Labour Party as "left wing queers from Trinity College and Teilifís Éireann". On at least one occasion he appeared at a State function, visibly worse from drink, and proceeded to harangue the various dignitaries, in particular the British Ambassador.
Ó Móráin was appointed Minister for Justice by Taoiseach Jack Lynch in 1968. It is in this role that he is most remembered. Ó Móráin continually suffered from ill health, which was accentuated by his alcoholism. In 1970, while in hospital, Lynch came to see him and asked for his resignation as a result of the outbreak of the Arms Crisis. Lynch had received information that a number of Ministers were allegedly complicit in the importation of arms for use in Northern Ireland. Some hours later the other Ministers in question, Neil Blaney and Charles Haughey were asked to resign but refused to do so and were thus sacked. Recent evidence, from papers released under the thirty year rule, suggest that the Minister for Defence Jim Gibbons, was also named on the documentation given to Lynch, but his resignation was not asked for.
Ó Móráin later spoke of his experiences at this time. He claimed that the whole business of the Arms Trial was badly handled. He claimed that it was he who had unearthed the whole business of the arms, through undercover Garda Síochána who were working for him in Northern Ireland and that he told Lynch the identity of the person involved. He also claimed that Blaney and Haughey were not implicated with the arms in question and that the wrong people had been sacked. Ó Móráin lost his Dáil seat at the 1973 general election and retired from politics.
Ó Móráin died in Castlebar, County Mayo, on 6 May 1983.
Members of the Tenth Dáil - Daniel Hogan
Daniel Hogan (1899 – 1 August 1980) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician and farmer. He was elected at his second attempt to Dáil Éireann, as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Leix–Offaly constituency at the 1938 general election. He lost his Dáil seat at the 1943 general election but was elected to the 4th Seanad on the Agricultural Panel. He was re-elected to the Seanad
in 1944 but lost his Seanad seat in 1948. In 1957, he was again elected
to the Seanad. He was re-elected in 1961 but lost his seat at the 1965
Seanad election.
Saturday, April 21, 2012
Members of the Tenth Dáil - Joseph Hannigan
Joseph Hannigan
Joseph Hannigan (1904 – 1944) was an Irish politician and medical practitioner. Hannigan was first elected to Dáil Éireann as an independent Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin South constituency at the 1937 general election. He was re-elected at the 1938 general election, but lost his seat at the 1943 general election. He was subsequently elected to the 4th Seanad in 1943 on the Administrative Panel. He did not contest the 1944 Seanad election.
Members of the Tenth Dáil - Thomas Mullen
Thomas Mullen (c. 1897–2 January 1966) was an Irish teacher and Fianna Fáil politician.
Mullen was born in Roemore, Breaffy, County Mayo, to national-school teacher parents, Thomas and Mary. He was educated in St. Jarlath's College, Tuam, and University College Galway. He too became a teacher and taught in Tullamore and North Brunswick St and at St Saviour's, Denmark St, Dublin.
Mullen became active in the Irish Republican Army after the 1916 Rising. He was the organiser of the escape from Rath Camp in the Curragh Camp during the Irish War of Independence. During the Irish Civil War, he was leader of the Tintown No 1 internment camp of 61 prisoners.
He was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin County constituency at the 1938 general election. He did not contest the 1943 general election.
He was a brother to Eugene Mullen, a TD for Mayo from June to September 1927.[3]
Mullen died in St Mary's Hospital, Phoenix Park. His last residence was 92 St Assam's Ave, Raheny, Dublin. He was survived by his wife, Louie (nee Ryan), and three daughters, Nuala, Una and Aideen.
He was buried at St. Fintan's Cemetery, Sutton.
Mullen was born in Roemore, Breaffy, County Mayo, to national-school teacher parents, Thomas and Mary. He was educated in St. Jarlath's College, Tuam, and University College Galway. He too became a teacher and taught in Tullamore and North Brunswick St and at St Saviour's, Denmark St, Dublin.
Mullen became active in the Irish Republican Army after the 1916 Rising. He was the organiser of the escape from Rath Camp in the Curragh Camp during the Irish War of Independence. During the Irish Civil War, he was leader of the Tintown No 1 internment camp of 61 prisoners.
He was elected to Dáil Éireann as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin County constituency at the 1938 general election. He did not contest the 1943 general election.
He was a brother to Eugene Mullen, a TD for Mayo from June to September 1927.[3]
Mullen died in St Mary's Hospital, Phoenix Park. His last residence was 92 St Assam's Ave, Raheny, Dublin. He was survived by his wife, Louie (nee Ryan), and three daughters, Nuala, Una and Aideen.
He was buried at St. Fintan's Cemetery, Sutton.
Members of the Tenth Dáil - Henry Aloysius McDevitt
Henry Aloysius McDevitt (1904 – 4 January 1966) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician and barrister. He was elected, at his second attempt, to Dáil Éireann as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Donegal East constituency at the 1938 general election. He did not contest the 1943 general election.
McDevitt's grandson is Mark Reckless, Conservative Member of Parliament of the United Kingdom for Rochester and Strood, first elected in 2010.
McDevitt's grandson is Mark Reckless, Conservative Member of Parliament of the United Kingdom for Rochester and Strood, first elected in 2010.
Members of the Tenth Dáil - James Hickey
James Hickey
James Hickey (died 7 June 1966) was an Irish Labour Party politician who joined the short-lived breakaway National Labour Party.
Hickey first stood for the Dáil in the 1937 general election in the Cork Borough constituency, but narrowly missed being elected. He was more successful in the 1938 election, unseating Richard Anthony, a former Labour TD who left the Party in the 1920s and sat as an independent.
Hickey made international headlines in February 1939, when, as Lord Mayor of Cork, he refused to give a civic reception to the captain and crew of the German warship SMS Schlesien which was on a 'courtesy visit' to Cork Harbour flying the Nazi flag (in spite of Irish neutrality). The Schlesien was a 13,000 tonne World War I battleship, but was involved in the attack on Danzig, Poland, just seven months later at the start of WW II. Hickey's reasoning for the refusal to entertain the German crew was stated to be a slight by the German media on the occasion of the death of Pope Pius XI some time earlier. Hickey said, "the insult given to the Catholic world on the death of the Pope, when the responsible German Press termed our Holy Father a political adventurer”. See tribute from Michael O'Riordan, Communist Party of Ireland, to Hickey (part of speech to Labour Party conference, Cork, 1999).
Hickey was one of the six TDs who left Labour in 1944 to form the National Labour Party, and it was as a National Labour Party candidate that he was defeated at the 1943 and 1944 general elections. He was re-elected to the 13th Dáil in the 1948 election as a National Labour candidate, and after the split in Labour was healed, he was returned to the Dáil for a final time in the 1951 general election.
After his defeat in the 1954 general election, he stood unsuccessfully for election to Seanad Éireann, but was nominated to the 8th Seanad by the Taoiseach John A. Costello.
Sunday, April 15, 2012
Members of the Tenth Dáil - Peter ( Peadar) Joseph O'Loghlen
Peter ( Peadar) Joseph O'Loghlen (1883 – 25 October 1971) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician. A publican, he was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Clare constituency at the 1938 general election. He was lost his Dáil seat at the 1943 general election but was nominated by the Taoiseach to the 4th Seanad. He regained his Dáil seat at the 1944 general election. He did not contest the 1948 general election.
Members of the Tenth Dáil - Thomas Burke
Thomas Burke (died 20 November 1951) was an Irish independent politician. He was born in Dunshallagh, Miltown Malbay, County Clare and was well known in his locality as a bone-setter. He was first elected to Dáil Éireann as an independent TD in the 1937 general election for the Clare constituency. He was re-elected on four occasions and served until 1951. He was defeated in the 1951 general election.
Members of the Tenth Dáil - James Hughes
James Hughes (died 1948) was an Irish Fine Gael politician. A farmer, he was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Carlow–Kildare constituency at the 1938 general election. He was re-elected at the 1943 and 1944 general elections. He died in 1948 during the course of the 12th Dáil, but no by-election was held for his seat.
Members of the Tenth Dáil - Erskine Hamilton Childers
Erskine Hamilton Childers
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| Erskine Childers St_Patrick's Cathedral Dublin |
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| Erskine Childers Grave |
His father Robert Erskine Childers, a leading Irish Republican and author of the espionage thriller The Riddle of the Sands, was executed during the Irish Civil War.
Childers was born in the Embankment Gardens, London, to a Protestant family originally from Glendalough, Ireland. Although also born in England, his father, Robert Erskine Childers, had had an Irish mother and had been raised by an uncle in County Wicklow, and after the First World War took his family to live there. His mother, Mary Alden Childers was a Bostonian whose ancestors arrived on the Mayflower. Robert Erskine Childers and his wife, Mary, later emerged as prominent and outspoken Irish Republican opponents of the political settlement with Britain which resulted in the establishment of the Irish Free State.[4] Childers was educated at Gresham's School, Holt, and the University of Cambridge, hence his striking British upper class accent. In 1922, when Childers was sixteen, his father was executed by the new Irish Free State on politically-inspired charges of gun-possession.The pistol he had been found with had been given to him by Michael Collins. Before his execution, in a spirit of reconciliation, the older Childers obtained a promise from his son to seek out and shake the hand of every man who had signed the death warrant. After attending his father's funeral, Childers returned to Gresham's, then two years later he went on to Trinity College, Cambridge.
After finishing his education, Childers worked for a period in a tourism board in Paris. In 1931, Éamon de Valera invited him to work for de Valera's recently founded newspaper, Irish Press, where Childers became Advertising Manager. He became a naturalised Irish citizen in 1938. That same year, he was first elected as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for Athlone-Longford. He would remain in the Dáil Éireann until 1973, when he resigned to become President.
Childers joined the cabinet in 1951 as Minister for Posts and Telegraphs in the de Valera government. He then served as Minister for Lands in de Valera's 1957-59 cabinet; as Minister for Transport and Power under Seán Lemass; and, successively, as Transport Minister, Posts and Telegraphs Minister, and Health Minister under Jack Lynch. He became Tánaiste in 1969.
Erskine's period as a minister was controversial. One commentator described his ministerial career as "spectacularly unsuccessful." Others praised his willingness to take tough decisions. He was outspoken in his opposition to Charles Haughey in the aftermath of the Arms Crisis, when Haughey and another minister, both having been sacked, were sent for trial amid allegations of a plot to import arms for the Provisional IRA. (Haughey and the other minister, Neil Blaney, were both acquitted.)
Fine Gael TD Tom O'Higgins, who had come within 11,000 votes (1%) of defeating de Valera in the 1966 presidential election, was widely expected to win the 1973 election when he was again the Fine Gael nominee. Childers was nominated by Fianna Fáil at the behest of de Valera, who pressured Jack Lynch in the selection of the presidential candidate. He was a controversial nominee, owing not only to his British birth and upbringing but to his Protestantism. However, on the campaign trail his personal popularity proved enormous, and in a political upset, Childers was elected the fourth President of Ireland on 30 May 1973, defeating O'Higgins by 635,867 votes to 578,771.
Childers, though 67, quickly gained a reputation as a vibrant, extremely hard-working president, and became highly popular and respected. However, he had a strained relationship with the incumbent government, led by Taoiseach Liam Cosgrave of Fine Gael. Childers had campaigned on a platform of making the presidency more open and hands-on, which Cosgrave viewed as a threat to his own agenda as head of government. He refused to cooperate with Childers' first priority upon taking office, the establishment of a think tank within Áras an Uachtaráin to plan the country's future. Childers considered resigning from the presidency, but was convinced to remain by Cosgrave's Foreign Minister, Garret FitzGerald. However, Childers remained detached from the government; whereas previously, presidents had been briefed by taoisigh once a month, Cosgrave briefed President Childers and his successor, Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh on average once every six months.
Though frustrated about the lack of power he had in the office, Childers' daughter Nessa believes that he played an important behind-the-scenes role in easing the Northern Ireland conflict, reporting that former Northern Ireland Prime Minister Terence O'Neill paid met secretly with her father at Áras an Uachtaráin on at least one occasion.
Prevented from transforming the presidency as he desired, Childers instead threw his energy into a busy schedule of official visits and speeches, which was physically taxing. On 17 November 1974, just after making a speech to the Royal College of Physicians in Dublin, Childers suffered a heart attack. He died the same day at Mater Misericordiae University Hospital.
Childers's state funeral in St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, was attended by world leaders including the Earl Mountbatten of Burma (representing Queen Elizabeth II), the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and leader of the Opposition, and presidents and crowned heads of state from Europe and beyond. He was buried in the grounds of the Church of Ireland Derralossary church in Roundwood, County Wicklow.
It was expected that President Childers' popular widow, Rita, would be offered the office of president to continue his work, but it went instead to the former Chief Justice, Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh.
Childers married Ruth Ellen Dow in 1925. They had five children, Ruth Ellen Childers, born in July 1927, Erskine, born in March 1929, followed by Roderick Winthrop Childers in June 1931, and in November 1937 twin daughters, Carainn and Margaret Osgood Childers. After the death of Dow in 1950, Childers married again, in 1952, to Rita Dudley. Together they had a daughter, Nessa, who is currently a Labour Party MEP. Childers is survived by children from both his marriages. Rita Dudley died on 9 May 2010.
The Tenth Dáil
This is a list of the members who were elected to the 10th Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas (legislature) of Ireland. These TDs (Members of Parliament) were elected at the 1938 general election on 17 June 1938 and met on 30 June 1938. The 10th Dáil was dissolved by President Douglas Hyde, at the request of the Taoiseach Éamon de Valera on 31 May 1943. The 10th Dáil is the longest serving Dáil, lasting 1,832 days.
The list of the 138 TDs elected, is given in alphabetical order by constituency.
The list of the 138 TDs elected, is given in alphabetical order by constituency.
| Members of the 10th Dáil | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Constituency | Name | Party | |
| Athlone–Longford | Erskine H. Childers | Fianna Fáil | |
| Seán Mac Eoin | Fine Gael | ||
| James Victory | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Carlow–Kildare | Thomas Harris | Fianna Fáil | |
| James Hughes | Fine Gael | ||
| Francis Humphreys | Fianna Fáil | ||
| William Norton | Labour Party | ||
| Cavan | John Cole | Independent | |
| Patrick McGovern | Fine Gael | ||
| Michael Sheridan | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Paddy Smith | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Clare | Patrick Burke | Fine Gael | |
| Thomas Burke | Independent | ||
| Éamon de Valera | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Seán O'Grady | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Peter O'Loghlen | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Cork Borough | W. T. Cosgrave | Fine Gael | |
| Thomas Dowdall | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Hugo Flinn | Fianna Fáil | ||
| James Hickey | Labour Party | ||
| Cork North | Patrick Daly | Fine Gael | |
| Timothy Linehan | Fine Gael | ||
| Con Meaney | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Seán Moylan | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Cork South–East | Brook Brasier | Fine Gael | |
| Martin Corry | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Jeremiah Hurley | Labour Party | ||
| Cork West | Seán Buckley | Fianna Fáil | |
| Timothy J. Murphy | Labour Party | ||
| Timothy O'Donovan | Fine Gael | ||
| Eamonn O'Neill | Fine Gael | ||
| Timothy O'Sullivan | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Donegal East | John Friel | Fianna Fáil | |
| Henry McDevitt | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Daniel McMenamin | Fine Gael | ||
| James Myles | Independent | ||
| Donegal West | Brian Brady | Fianna Fáil | |
| Cormac Breslin | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Michael Óg McFadden | Fine Gael | ||
| Dublin County | Patrick Belton | Fine Gael | |
| Seán Brady | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Patrick Fogarty | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Henry Dockrell | Fine Gael | ||
| Thomas Mullen | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Dublin North–East | Alfred Byrne | Independent | |
| Richard Mulcahy | Fine Gael | ||
| Oscar Traynor | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Dublin North–West | Cormac Breathnach | Fianna Fáil | |
| Alfred P. Byrne | Independent | ||
| Eamonn Cooney | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Patrick McGilligan | Fine Gael | ||
| Seán T. O'Kelly | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Dublin South | James Beckett | Fine Gael | |
| Robert Briscoe | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Peadar Doyle | Fine Gael | ||
| Joseph Hannigan | Independent | ||
| Seán Lemass | Fianna Fáil | ||
| James Lynch | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Thomas Kelly | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Dublin Townships | Ernest Benson | Fine Gael | |
| John A. Costello | Fine Gael | ||
| Seán MacEntee | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Galway East | Patrick Beegan | Fianna Fáil | |
| Seán Broderick | Fine Gael | ||
| Frank Fahy | Ceann Comhairle | ||
| Mark Killilea, Snr | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Galway West | Gerald Bartley | Fianna Fáil | |
| Joseph Mongan | Fine Gael | ||
| Seán Tubridy | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Kerry North | Stephen Fuller | Fianna Fáil | |
| Eamonn Kissane | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Tom McEllistrim | Fianna Fáil | ||
| John O'Sullivan | Fine Gael | ||
| Kerry South | Frederick Crowley | Fianna Fáil | |
| John Flynn | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Fionán Lynch | Fine Gael | ||
| Kilkenny | Denis Gorey | Fine Gael | |
| Thomas Derrig | Fianna Fáil | ||
| James Pattison | Labour Party | ||
| Leitrim | Stephen Flynn | Fianna Fáil | |
| Bernard Maguire | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Mary Reynolds | Fine Gael | ||
| Leix–Offaly | Patrick Boland | Fianna Fáil | |
| William Davin | Labour Party | ||
| Patrick Gorry | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Daniel Hogan | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Thomas F. O'Higgins | Fine Gael | ||
| Limerick | George C. Bennett | Fine Gael | |
| Daniel Bourke | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Tadhg Crowley | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Michael Keyes | Labour Party | ||
| Donnchadh Ó Briain | Fianna Fáil | ||
| James Reidy | Fine Gael | ||
| Robert Ryan | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Louth | Frank Aiken | Fianna Fáil | |
| James Coburn | Fine Gael | ||
| Laurence Walsh | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Mayo North | Patrick Browne | Fine Gael | |
| John Munnelly | Fianna Fáil | ||
| P. J. Ruttledge | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Mayo South | Micheál Clery | Fianna Fáil | |
| James FitzGerald-Kenney | Fine Gael | ||
| Martin Nally | Fine Gael | ||
| Micheál Ó Móráin | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Richard Walsh | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Meath–Westmeath | Charles Fagan | Fine Gael | |
| Patrick Giles | Fine Gael | ||
| James Kelly | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Michael Kennedy | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Matthew O'Reilly | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Monaghan | James Dillon | Fine Gael | |
| Bridget Rice | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Conn Ward | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Roscommon | Michael Brennan | Fine Gael | |
| Gerald Boland | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Daniel O'Rourke | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Sligo | Martin Brennan | Fianna Fáil | |
| Frank Carty | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Patrick Rogers | Fine Gael | ||
| Tipperary | Dan Breen | Fianna Fáil | |
| Richard Curran | Fine Gael | ||
| Andrew Fogarty | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Frank Loughman | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Daniel Morrissey | Fine Gael | ||
| Jeremiah Ryan | Fine Gael | ||
| Martin Ryan | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Waterford | William Broderick | Fine Gael | |
| Patrick Little | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Michael Morrissey | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Bridget Redmond | Fine Gael | ||
| Wexford | Denis Allen | Fianna Fáil | |
| Richard Corish | Labour Party | ||
| John Esmonde | Fine Gael | ||
| John Keating | Fine Gael | ||
| James Ryan | Fianna Fáil | ||
| Wicklow | Patrick Cogan | Independent | |
| James Everett | Labour Party | ||
| Séamus Moore | Fianna Fái | ||
Changes
| Date | Constituency | Gain | Loss | Note | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 June 1939 | Dublin South | Fianna Fáil | Fine Gael | John McCann (FF) wins the seat vacated by the death of James Beckett (FG) | ||
| 30 May 1940 | Galway West | Fianna Fáil | Fianna Fáil | John J. Keane (FF) holds the seat vacated by the death of Seán Tubridy (FF) |
Parliament in Ireland
There is nothing new about parliamentary assemblies in Ireland. The
Normans, who began to settle in Ireland in 1169, were the first to give
Ireland a centralised administration. Our legal system and our courts of
law are, in large measure, inherited from them. So too is our
legislature which is directly descended from the parliament which
developed in medieval Ireland.
First there was..
The earliest known Irish Parliament for which there is a definitive
record met on 18 June 1264 at Castledermot in County Kildare, although
there is some evidence to suggest that the word "parliament" may have
been in use as early as 1234. The pre-Union Irish Parliament continued
to function for more than 500 years. The Houses of Parliament (Lords and
Commons) later met in the first purpose built Parliament House in the
world, on College Green in Dublin, which was constructed between 1729
and 1739.
Parliamentary assemblies took various forms down through the General Assembly of the Confederation of Kilkenny (1642-1649), the "Patriot Parliament" of 1689, and the independent Irish Parliament (1782 - 1800), popularly known as "Grattan's Parliament". These assemblies however all lacked the great principle on which Dáil Éireann was founded in 1919. This was that all legislative, executive and judicial power had its source in, and was derived from, the sovereign people of Ireland.
"Grattan’s Parliament" lasted just 18 years. The Act of Union 1800, which came into operation on 1 January 1801, created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and united the parliaments of the two kingdoms. From then until Independence in 1922, Irish Members of Parliament held seats in the parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with its seat at the Palace of Westminster.
Parliamentary assemblies took various forms down through the General Assembly of the Confederation of Kilkenny (1642-1649), the "Patriot Parliament" of 1689, and the independent Irish Parliament (1782 - 1800), popularly known as "Grattan's Parliament". These assemblies however all lacked the great principle on which Dáil Éireann was founded in 1919. This was that all legislative, executive and judicial power had its source in, and was derived from, the sovereign people of Ireland.
"Grattan’s Parliament" lasted just 18 years. The Act of Union 1800, which came into operation on 1 January 1801, created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and united the parliaments of the two kingdoms. From then until Independence in 1922, Irish Members of Parliament held seats in the parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with its seat at the Palace of Westminster.
The First Dáil (1919)
In the aftermath of the Easter Rising of 1916 Sinn Féin, the party
founded by Arthur Griffith in 1905, was reorganised and grew into a
nation-wide movement. Abstention from Westminster and the establishment
of a separate and independent Irish parliament had long been part of
Sinn Féin's policy. The party contested the 14 December 1918 general
election, called following the dissolution of the British Parliament,
and swept the country winning 73 of the 105 Irish seats. Acting on the
pledge not to sit in the Westminster parliament, but instead to set up
an Irish legislative assembly, 28 of the newly-elected Sinn Féin
representatives met and constituted themselves as the first Dáil
Éireann. The remaining Sinn Féin representatives were either in prison
or unable to attend for other reasons.
The first Dáil met in the Round Room of the Mansion House on 21
January 1919. The Dáil asserted the exclusive right of the elected
representatives of the Irish people to legislate for the country. The
Members present adopted a Provisional Constitution and approved a
Declaration of Independence. The Dáil also approved a Democratic
Programme, based on the 1916 Proclamation of the Irish Republic, and
read and adopted a Message to the Free Nations of the World.
On the following day, 22 January 1919, a private sitting was held which elected Seán T. O'Kelly as Ceann Comhairle (Speaker) and Cathal Brugha as President of the Ministry. The Dáil also approved the President's nominations to the Ministry. Cathal Brugha resigned and Éamon de Valera was elected President of the Dáil (prime minister) on 1 April 1919.
On the following day, 22 January 1919, a private sitting was held which elected Seán T. O'Kelly as Ceann Comhairle (Speaker) and Cathal Brugha as President of the Ministry. The Dáil also approved the President's nominations to the Ministry. Cathal Brugha resigned and Éamon de Valera was elected President of the Dáil (prime minister) on 1 April 1919.
Following the outbreak of the War of Independence in January 1919,
the British Government decided to suppress the Dáil, and on 10 September
1919 Dáil Éireann was declared a dangerous association and was
prohibited. The Dáil continued to meet in secret, and Ministers carried
out their duties as best they could. In all, the Dáil held fourteen
sittings in 1919. Of these, four were public and ten private. Three
private sittings were held in 1920 and four in 1921.
The Second Dáil (1921)
During this time the formal government of Ireland remained with
Westminster. In an attempt to settle the Irish question, the United
Kingdom Parliament passed the Government of Ireland Act in December
1920. The Act created a separate state of Northern Ireland, consisting
of the six north-eastern counties of Ulster, and proposed separate
parliaments for Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland.
On 24 May 1921, elections were held for the return of members to serve in the new Parliaments. At a private sitting of the Dáil on 10 May 1921 the Sinn Féin representatives, who refused to accept the British concession of a Parliament for Southern Ireland, adopted a resolution declaring that the parliamentary elections which were to take place should be regarded as elections to Dáil Éireann.
All Sinn Féin candidates in the twenty-six counties were returned unopposed and took 128 of the 132 seats. The remaining four seats were filled by Unionists representing the University of Dublin (Trinity College). The Sinn Féin members, continuing in the footsteps of their predecessors, constituted themselves as the Second Dáil, which held its first meeting on 16 August 1921 in the Mansion House.
On 24 May 1921, elections were held for the return of members to serve in the new Parliaments. At a private sitting of the Dáil on 10 May 1921 the Sinn Féin representatives, who refused to accept the British concession of a Parliament for Southern Ireland, adopted a resolution declaring that the parliamentary elections which were to take place should be regarded as elections to Dáil Éireann.
All Sinn Féin candidates in the twenty-six counties were returned unopposed and took 128 of the 132 seats. The remaining four seats were filled by Unionists representing the University of Dublin (Trinity College). The Sinn Féin members, continuing in the footsteps of their predecessors, constituted themselves as the Second Dáil, which held its first meeting on 16 August 1921 in the Mansion House.
The Parliament of Southern Ireland (1921)
The inaugural meeting of the Parliament of Southern Ireland was held
in Dublin on 28 June 1921 but, as Sinn Féin refused to recognise the
parliament, only four members of the House of Commons – the University
of Dublin representatives – together with fifteen senators attended. The
Parliament met for a brief period and then adjourned sine die.
The Treaty between Great Britain and Ireland.
The Treaty between Great Britain and Ireland.
Following the Truce between Britain and Ireland in July 1921, which
led to the suspension of the War of Independence, peace negotiations
between the two countries were initiated and culminated in the signing
of the "Articles of Agreement for a Treaty between Great Britain and
Ireland" on 6 December 1921. The Treaty provided for the establishment
of the Irish Free State with jurisdiction over twenty-six of the
thirty-two counties.
After a bitter and divisive debate, which began on 14 December 1921, the second Dáil approved the Treaty by 64 votes to 57 on 7 January 1922. Éamon de Valera resigned as President on 9 January 1922, and Arthur Griffith was elected President on 10 January 1922.
After a bitter and divisive debate, which began on 14 December 1921, the second Dáil approved the Treaty by 64 votes to 57 on 7 January 1922. Éamon de Valera resigned as President on 9 January 1922, and Arthur Griffith was elected President on 10 January 1922.
The Provisional Government (1922)
In accordance with the terms of the Treaty a meeting of "the members
elected to sit in the House of Commons of Southern Ireland" was held on
14 January 1922. The meeting, which was attended by the pro-Treaty
members of the Dáil and the four members for University of Dublin,
formally endorsed the Treaty and set up a Provisional Government, under
the Chairmanship of Michael Collins, to administer the twenty-six
counties pending the establishment of the Free State parliament and
government. The Provisional Government and the Government of Dáil
Éireann, which was not recognized by Britain, existed in parallel and
with overlapping membership.
Following the death of Arthur Griffith ( President of the Dáil ) on
12 August 1922 and the death of Michael Collins ( Chairman of the
Provisional Government ) on 22 August 1922, William T. Cosgrave became
both President of the Dáil and Chairman of the Provisional Government.
The Third Dáil (1922)
The Provisional Government called a General Election for 16 June 1922
and the new Dáil – the Third Dáil – held its first meeting in Leinster
House on 9 September 1922. The Dáil, "sitting as a Constituent Assembly
in this Provisional Parliament", enacted the Constitution of the Irish
Free State (Saorstát Éireann) Act 1922 on 25 October 1922.
The Irish Free State (1922 - 1937).
The Irish Free State (1922 - 1937).
On 6 December 1922, a year after the signing of the Treaty, the Irish
Free State or Saorstát Éireann came into existence. From then until
1937 the government or cabinet of the Irish Free State was known as the
Executive Council, and the head of government was known as the President
of the Executive Council. William T. Cosgrave was nominated to be
President of the Executive Council, and the other members of the
Provisional Government were nominated to be members of the Executive
Council.
Article 12 of the Irish Free State Constitution created the
Oireachtas: "A Legislature is hereby created, to be known as the
Oireachtas. It shall consist of the King and two Houses, the Chamber of
Deputies ( otherwise called and herein generally referred to as "Dáil
Éireann" ) and the Senate ( otherwise called and herein generally
referred to as "Seanad Éireann" )."
Leinster House - A History
The house was originally known as Kildare House after James
Fitzgerald, the Earl of Kildare, who commissioned it to be built between
1745-47. Fitzgerald set out to create the stateliest of Dublin Georgian
Mansions to reflect his eminent position in Irish society.
It is told that the Earl had said that fashion would follow in whatever direction he led.
In succeeding, he caused an unfashionable area of the city to become a desirable one.
On becoming the Duke of Leinster in 1776 (Dublin and Kildare are in
the province of Leinster) the house was renamed Leinster House.
The design
The designer of Leinster House was the architect Richard Cassels (or
Castle), who was born in Hesse-Cassel in Germany about 1690. The design
is characteristic of buildings of the period in Ireland and England.
It has been claimed that it formed a model for the design of the
White House, the residence of the President of the United States. This
claim may have its origins in the career of James Hoban, who in 1792 won
the competition for the design of the White House.
Hoban was an Irishman, born in Callan, County Kilkenny in 1762, and
studied architecture in Dublin, and consequently, would have had an
opportunity of studying the design of Leinster House.
A supporter of the United Irishmen, who advocated complete separation
of Ireland from England, Lord Edward Fitzgerald, fifth son of the first
Duke of Leinster, was arrested shortly before the insurrection of May
1798 and died of wounds received during his capture.
No doubt it was beyond his wildest dreams that many years later the Irish Parliament would be located in his family home.
The Royal Dublin Society
In 1815, Augustus Frederick, the third Duke of Leinster, sold the
mansion to the Royal Dublin Society (RDS) for £10,000 and a yearly rent
of £600 which was later redeemed.
The purpose of the society was to improve the wretched conditions of
the people. Many important public institutions of the present day owe
their origins to the RDS:
- the National Botanic Gardens (Glasnevin),
- the National College of Art and Design,
- the Dublin Veterinary College,
- the National Library,
- the National Gallery,
- and the National Museum.
Other events
The Society made extensive additions to the house, most notably the lecture theatre, later to become the Dáil Chamber.
A number of historic events took place in Leinster House. The first
balloon ascent in Ireland was made in July 1783 by Richard Crosbie from
Leinster Lawn.
The Great Industrial Exhibition was opened on Leinster Lawn on 12 May 1853.
After the establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922, the
Government secured a part of Leinster House for parliamentary use. The
entire building was acquired by the State in 1924.
Today, Leinster House is the seat of the two Houses of the Oireachtas
(National Parliament), comprising Dáil Éireann (the House of
Representatives) and Seanad Éireann (the Senate).
Saturday, April 14, 2012
Members of the Ninth Dáil - John Esmonde
Sir John Lymbrick Esmonde, 14th Baronet (5 February 1893 – 6 July 1958) was an Irish nationalist politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) in the Parliament of the United Kingdom and later as a Teachta Dála (TD) in Dáil Éireann.
Esmonde was the son of Dr John Joseph Esmonde MP (1862–1915), of Drominagh, Borrisokane, County Tipperary. On the death of his father in 1915, he was elected in his place (opposed by two nationalist contenders) as Irish Parliamentary Party MP for North Tipperary while serving in World War I with the Leinster Regiment, then as Captain The Royal Dublin Fusiliers with the Intelligence Corps; he was an engineer.
He was one of five Irish MPs who served with Irish regiments in World War I, the others Stephen Gwynn, Willie Redmond, William Redmond and D. D. Sheehan as well as former MP Tom Kettle. John Lymbrick Esmonde served with the forces that put down the Easter Rising. He withdrew without defending his seat in the 1918 general election. He inherited the Esmonde Baronetcy when the senior male line died out in 1943.
He subsequently served as a Fine Gael Teachta Dála (TD) for Wexford, where he won a seat at the 1937 general election. He was re-elected in 1938 and 1943, but lost his Dáil seat in the 1944 election. He became a barrister at the King's Inns, Dublin, called to the inner Bar as Senior Counsel in 1942, Bencher 1948. He was re-elected TD for Wexford in the 1948 general election serving until the 1951 general election, when he retired from politics. In 1948 he was suggested as possible Taoiseach by Seán MacBride, on the grounds that he had no link to either side in the Civil War.
He was one of the few people who served as a Members of Parliament in the House of Commons as well as a Teachta Dála of Dáil Éireann, the lower House of the Irish parliament. His younger brother Lt. Geoffrey Esmonde (1897–1916) aged 19 was killed in action in World War I serving with the 4th Tyneside Irish Battalion of the Northumberland Fusiliers. His second younger brother was Sir Anthony Esmonde, 15th Baronet (1899–1981). His half-brother Eugene Esmonde was awarded a VC posthumously in 1942 during World War II.
Esmonde was the son of Dr John Joseph Esmonde MP (1862–1915), of Drominagh, Borrisokane, County Tipperary. On the death of his father in 1915, he was elected in his place (opposed by two nationalist contenders) as Irish Parliamentary Party MP for North Tipperary while serving in World War I with the Leinster Regiment, then as Captain The Royal Dublin Fusiliers with the Intelligence Corps; he was an engineer.
He was one of five Irish MPs who served with Irish regiments in World War I, the others Stephen Gwynn, Willie Redmond, William Redmond and D. D. Sheehan as well as former MP Tom Kettle. John Lymbrick Esmonde served with the forces that put down the Easter Rising. He withdrew without defending his seat in the 1918 general election. He inherited the Esmonde Baronetcy when the senior male line died out in 1943.
He subsequently served as a Fine Gael Teachta Dála (TD) for Wexford, where he won a seat at the 1937 general election. He was re-elected in 1938 and 1943, but lost his Dáil seat in the 1944 election. He became a barrister at the King's Inns, Dublin, called to the inner Bar as Senior Counsel in 1942, Bencher 1948. He was re-elected TD for Wexford in the 1948 general election serving until the 1951 general election, when he retired from politics. In 1948 he was suggested as possible Taoiseach by Seán MacBride, on the grounds that he had no link to either side in the Civil War.
He was one of the few people who served as a Members of Parliament in the House of Commons as well as a Teachta Dála of Dáil Éireann, the lower House of the Irish parliament. His younger brother Lt. Geoffrey Esmonde (1897–1916) aged 19 was killed in action in World War I serving with the 4th Tyneside Irish Battalion of the Northumberland Fusiliers. His second younger brother was Sir Anthony Esmonde, 15th Baronet (1899–1981). His half-brother Eugene Esmonde was awarded a VC posthumously in 1942 during World War II.
Members of the Ninth Dáil - Michael Morrissey
Michael Morrissey (died 10 May 1947) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician. He was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) at the 1937 general election for the Waterford constituency. He was re-elected at every subsequent general election up to 1948. He died in 1947 during the 12th Dáil, a by-election was held on 29 October 1947 which was won by John Ormonde of Fianna Fáil.
Members of the Ninth Dáil - Jeremiah Ryan
Jeremiah Ryan (30 July 1891 – 1945) was an Irish Fine Gael politician. A farmer, he was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Tipperary constituency at the 1937 general election He was re-elected at the 1938 and 1943 general elections He did not contest the 1944 general election. He was elected to the 6th Seanad on the Administrative Panel in 1948.
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