The Political Parties - Ireland - Farmer's Party

The Farmers' Party or Farmers' Union was an agrarian political party in the Irish Free State between 1922 and 1932. It was concerned almost exclusively with the interests of the agricultural community, and never sought to widen its scope beyond the countryside.

The party won seven seats in Dáil Éireann at the 1922 general election, the first in the Free State, and increased that total to fifteen in the 1923 election. These seats were concentrated in richer rural areas, an indicator that the party's support base was farmers with large holdings of land rather than the more numerous and poorer small farmers. At the 1925 Seanad election, the party won three seats.

During the 1920s, the Farmers' Party supported the Cumann na nGaedhael government. Support was strongest among the deputies who supported free trade. Among these members were the party leadership, particularly leader Denis Gorey, who proposed a merger of the Farmers' Party with Cumann na nGaedhael. Supporters of protectionism favoured continuation as an independent party, more criticism of the government, and from 1926 co-operation with the Fianna Fáil party, founded in 1926. This division between free-trading large farmers and protectionist small farmers harmed the party and eventually led to the partitioning of its votes between the two main parties. The pro-independence side won the tactical debate, and an embittered Gorey joined Cumann na nGaedhael in time for the June 1927 general election.

The party lost nine of its fifteen representatives in Dáil Éireann during 1927 to defections and two election defeats. It continued to support the Cumann na nGaedhael government throughout the late 1920s, most importantly in the vote of no confidence that preceded the September 1927 election. After that election, Farmers' Party leader Michael Heffernan was appointed to junior governmental office to ensure his party's support for the resulting minority government. Heffernan would himself join Cumann na nGaedhael before the subsequent election.

By the 1930s, the party had little representation and less hope for an independent future. The party's large farmer supporters had migrated to Cumann na nGaedhael, while it had never truly succeeded in becoming the dominant party among small farmers, whose affinity was with Fianna Fáil. After the 1932 general election, only a small core of intransigents unwilling to co-operate with either Cumann na nGaedhael or Fianna Fáil remained in Dáil Éireann. These deputies folded the Farmers' Party into the new National Centre Party and contested the 1933 election under that banner.

In the late 30's, attempts were made to refound a new farmers party. The new party split, the Irish Farmers Federation, split over the derating issue with many small farmers opposed to the measure, believing that an increase in indirect taxation which would be employed would harm their interests. They set up Clann na Talmhan, which was launched in 1938. It was much more radical and left wing than the original farmers party and garnered support from mainly small farmers.